Alternaria species are abundant in agricultural soils globally 7 and it is considered to be one of the most aggressive soil‐borne pathogens in the world.
4, 5, 6 Dark brown to black lesions with concentric rings in the senescing leaves of potato and tomato are common symptoms, and others are stem lesions and fruit rots. 3 Phytotoxic metabolites are produced such as alternariol, altersolano, altertoix, macrosporin and solanpyrone. 2 Alternaria species are among the few pathogens that can sporulate when exposed to several short‐wet periods alternating with dry periods. 1 In North America, the annual cost for fungicide application is estimated to be $21.4 to $44.8 million. Infection by this polycyclic disease led to production losses of 35–78% in tomato and 5–40% in potato, respectively. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.Įarly blight (EB), caused by Alternaria species, is one of the major diseases in the production of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum), potato ( Solanum tuberosum) and other plants, and is most prevalent on unfertilized or otherwise stressed plants. A better understanding of the underlying factors of this disease and the potential of novel research can contribute to implementing integrated pest management systems for an ecofriendly farming system. Second, versatile management practices to minimize the effect of this pathogen at field level are discussed, covering their limitations and pitfalls. First of all, we describe the outline of this disease, encompassing biological cycles of the Alternaria genus, favorite climate and soil conditions as well as resistant plant species. This paper presents an overview of the EB disease and provides an evaluation of recent scientific advances to control the disease. Several forecasting models for pesticide application to control EB were created in the last century and more recent scientific advances have included modern breeding technology to detect resistant genes and precision agriculture with hyperspectral sensors to pinpoint damage locations on plants. The development of EB is strongly linked to varieties, crop development stages, environmental factors, cultivation and field management. Early blight (EB) disease, caused mainly by Alternaria solani, and brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata, are major concerns in potato, tomato and eggplant production. Alternaria species are well‐known aggressive pathogens that are widespread globally and warmer temperatures caused by climate change might increase their abundance more drastically.
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